Cephalosporins work by disrupting the construction of the cell wall. They specifically bind to proteins on the bacterial membrane called Penicillin-Binding Proteins, or PBPs. These PBPs are essential enzymes that cross-link the wall's structure. When a cephalosporin blocks these PBPs, the bacterium can no longer build a strong cell wall. It tries to grow and divide, but with a defective, weak wall, it simply bursts under its own internal osmotic pressure. So, in essence, cephalosporins cause the bacteria to literally fall apart. As a pathway
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